first of all, we need to remove the awarding of contract from the MDA’s. it should be an electronic process that rarely involves employees at this agencies. secondly, contract should never be paid upfront, it is not done is any serious develop country. you are awarded a contract, you have to fund it and do the job. money is paid is stage of completion. which is called percentage of completion. so basically the idea is simple. if you get a contractor to build a school. when you dig the foundation, small percentage is paid to you. when you put up the walls another is paid, when you roof and paint, you get paid the amount. once the building is completed and presented to the owner, you get your final amount. at all this level, it is inspected by independent agents. if you don’t produce the next level after payment. the contract is awarded to someone else to complete and your blacklisted. we have to remove the means of corruption.