Thompson Odion Igunma, a Ph.D. candidate and graduate research assistant at the University of Florida, is making waves in the field of computational materials science. His research, which focuses on the durability of materials used in molten salt reactors (MSRs)—a cutting-edge nuclear energy technology—holds great promise for the future of sustainable nuclear energy. Igunma is also actively contributing to the broader discourse surrounding nuclear energy, both from a technical perspective and in relation to the policy landscape, especially as it pertains to emerging nuclear nations like Nigeria. In this interview, Igunma discusses his research, career journey, and also shares his insights on Nigeria’s ambitions for nuclear energy, particularly in light of its plans for nuclear power generation.
Give us a detailed overview of your current work and its significance in the context of nuclear energy development?
My research is focused on the intersection of materials science and nuclear energy, specifically investigating how materials in molten salt reactors (MSRs) degrade over time due to factors like corrosion and irradiation. In collaboration with the University of Florida and Idaho National Laboratory under the Yellow Jacket Project, I am developing a phase field model to simulate how irradiation impacts corrosion in structural alloys exposed to molten salts. We’re using the Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE), a powerful computational tool, to understand these complex interactions and improve predictive modeling for material performance in MSRs.
This research is crucial because MSRs represent a new frontier in nuclear energy—they offer higher operational temperatures, inherent safety features, and the potential for efficient fuel use. However, the materials used in these reactors face extreme conditions, which can accelerate corrosion and reduce their operational life. By simulating these conditions, we aim to design materials that can withstand the harsh environments of MSRs, ensuring their long-term safety, reliability, and economic feasibility.
Your work on modeling corrosion and irradiation is clearly cutting-edge. Can you explain how this will help the nuclear energy industry, especially regarding the future of molten salt reactors?
The development of molten salt reactors is highly promising because they are designed to be safer, more efficient, and potentially cheaper than conventional nuclear reactors. However, one of the significant challenges is ensuring the materials used in these reactors can withstand both the high temperatures of the molten salts and the radiation from the nuclear reactions. Currently, the materials used in traditional reactors aren’t well-suited to these conditions. My research focuses on accurately modeling how these materials degrade—whether through corrosion from the molten salts or radiation-induced damage—so that we can develop new, more robust materials that can handle these extreme environments for extended periods.
Ultimately, the goal is to provide nuclear engineers and material scientists with more accurate data and predictive models that help them select the right materials for MSRs. This not only enhances the safety of the reactors but also contributes to the overall cost-effectiveness of nuclear energy. With better materials, MSRs could become a central part of the energy mix for the future, offering a cleaner, more sustainable energy solution.
You’ve presented your research at several prestigious conferences, such as TMS 2024 and the American Nuclear Society (ANS) Conference. What were some key insights you gained from these presentations?
Presenting my research at conferences like TMS 2024 and the ANS Conference 2024 has been a valuable experience in terms of both feedback and collaboration. One key takeaway from TMS 2024 was the growing interest in computational modeling as a tool for designing better materials. The phase field model I’m developing could be transformative in helping researchers predict corrosion behavior in real-world reactor environments. This aligns with the industry’s need for more predictive tools to accelerate the deployment of molten salt reactors.
At the ANS Conference, I shared my research on how radiation impacts corrosion in salt-facing structural components. The feedback from industry professionals highlighted the importance of integrating multi-physics simulations to get a more holistic view of reactor material behavior. It was clear that the nuclear community is eager to find ways to integrate such models with experimental data to enhance material selection and reactor design. It’s an exciting time, and these conferences are helping bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and practical, real-world applications.
Moving on to Nigeria—your home country is looking to expand its nuclear energy capacity. As a researcher with a deep understanding of nuclear systems, what’s your perspective on Nigeria’s plans to harness nuclear energy?
Nigeria’s pursuit of nuclear energy is a step in the right direction, particularly as the country looks to diversify its energy mix and meet its growing demand for electricity. Nuclear energy has the potential to provide a stable and low-carbon source of power, which is essential for a country like Nigeria, where rapid urbanization and industrialization are increasing energy needs. By investing in nuclear energy, Nigeria can reduce its dependence on fossil fuels and improve its energy security.
However, it’s important to note that nuclear energy is a complex and challenging field. For Nigeria to fully realize the potential of nuclear power, it must focus on developing not only the technical infrastructure but also the human capital needed to support nuclear energy systems. It will require a combination of skilled workers, cutting-edge research, and strong regulatory frameworks to ensure that nuclear energy is implemented safely and effectively.
Given your expertise in materials science, how can Nigeria ensure that the materials used in its nuclear reactors are durable and resistant to challenges like corrosion and radiation?
For Nigeria to develop a successful nuclear energy program, it’s essential to ensure that the materials used in reactors are up to the task of handling the harsh conditions of nuclear energy production. This includes corrosion from high-temperature coolants and radiation exposure, both of which can degrade materials over time. The key to addressing this challenge lies in research and development. Nigeria could benefit from investing in advanced materials science, particularly focusing on developing or adopting high-performance materials, such as high-entropy alloys or ceramic composites, which offer improved resistance to corrosion and radiation.
Moreover, it is crucial to build partnerships with leading research institutions, both locally and internationally, to share knowledge and access cutting-edge research. By focusing on materials that are specifically designed for nuclear reactors and molten salt systems, Nigeria can avoid some of the pitfalls that other nations have encountered when implementing nuclear power.
Nigeria’s nuclear program is still in its early stages, but the country has long-term plans for nuclear energy. In your view, what are the key policy steps Nigeria should take to successfully integrate nuclear power into its energy portfolio?
First and foremost, Nigeria must develop a strong regulatory framework for nuclear energy. This includes establishing clear safety standards, environmental regulations, and protocols for handling radioactive waste. It’s also crucial that the government invests in building public trust around nuclear energy by promoting transparency, engaging with the public, and addressing concerns about safety and the environment.
Secondly, Nigeria should prioritize education and training in nuclear engineering and materials science. This would involve partnering with universities, research institutions, and international organizations to train the next generation of nuclear scientists, engineers, and technicians. A strong, skilled workforce is essential for the success of any nuclear programme.Lastly, Nigeria should focus on international collaborations and investments. As a developing country, Nigeria can benefit greatly from expertise and financial support from nations that have established nuclear programs. The collaboration between the University of Florida and Idaho National Laboratory, which I’m part of, is a great example of how such international partnerships can accelerate progress and innovation.
In your opinion, how should Nigeria approach nuclear safety and security, particularly when it comes to the potential for both environmental and geopolitical risks?
Nuclear safety and security should be at the forefront of Nigeria’s nuclear energy plans. One of the critical steps is ensuring that all reactors are designed, built, and operated according to the highest safety standards. This means adopting lessons learned from global nuclear power programs, ensuring proper containment of radioactive materials, and having well-established emergency protocols. From a security perspective, Nigeria must develop robust safeguards to prevent the proliferation of nuclear materials and ensure that nuclear power is used only for peaceful purposes. This requires strong oversight, strict regulation, and international cooperation, particularly with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), to ensure compliance with global non-proliferation standards.
Regarding environmental risks, Nigeria should focus on developing sustainable solutions for waste disposal and storage. The development of advanced materials for fuel cladding and waste management will play a crucial role in mitigating environmental impacts. Additionally, proactive risk assessment and management strategies must be put in place to ensure that nuclear power generation doesn’t come with unforeseen environmental consequences.
Lastly, what is your vision for the future of nuclear energy in Africa, and how can Nigeria play a leading role in this future?
Nuclear energy has a key role to play in Africa’s future, especially as the continent seeks to meet its growing energy demands and tackle climate change. I believe that by embracing nuclear power, African nations like Nigeria can lead the way in providing clean, reliable, and sustainable energy for millions of people. Nigeria, with its large population and developing economy, has the potential to become a leader in Africa’s nuclear energy sector. By investing in advanced nuclear technologies, focusing on materials science, and building strong partnerships, Nigeria can not only meet its own energy needs but also serve as a model for other African nations. The key is to take a gradual and responsible approach, ensuring that the technology is implemented safely and with a long-term vision for sustainability.
