A Senior Lecturer at the Department of Political Science and International Relations, Nile University of Nigeria, Dr. Iroro Izu, has warned that the continued exclusion of women, youths, and persons with disabilities from governance poses a threat to Nigeria’s democracy and stability.

Delivering a paper at the annual Otivism Lecture in Abuja on Friday, Dr. Izu argued that the persistent marginalisation of these groups has created a sense of injustice, resentment, and alienation, which could fuel unrest and weaken patriotism, citizen loyalty, and collective action toward national progress.

He noted that efforts to promote inclusivity are often hindered by institutional, socio-cultural, and patriarchal barriers, calling for comprehensive and collaborative interventions to address them.

According to him, women frequently lack the financial resources required to compete effectively in elections, as political godfathers often favour male candidates.

He added that political violence and intimidation — including threats against female candidates — remain major deterrents to women’s participation in politics.

Dr. Izu also identified challenges faced by youths seeking elective positions, including limited access to education and economic opportunities, ageism and stereotypes, lack of mentorship, and political exclusion.

“Young people are often viewed as inexperienced and incapable of leadership despite their large numbers and potential contributions,” he said.

“They are frequently relegated to the political fringe, and their voices are not adequately represented in policymaking. Economic struggles, including unemployment and underemployment, further hinder their participation, while political godfathers prefer established politicians, making it difficult for youths to gain a foothold.”

Speaking on the philosophy of Otivism, Dr. Izu explained that one of its key principles is the integration of inclusivity across all spheres of society to ensure symmetry, equity, fairness, justice, and people power, leaving no one behind regardless of birth, gender, economic status, education, religion, or region.

“Otivism is an ideology anchored on truth, fairness, compassion, and collaboration for the betterment of society,” he said. “It is not an ideology of lamentation or blame but of action, fortitude, and optimism.”