5 things to know about HMPV

Amid rising cases of the new respiratory illness globally known as the Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), concerns have emerged in Nigeria, even though it is primarily reported in China.

HMPV was first reported in 2001 in the Netherlands; it is a single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus that causes symptoms similar to the common cold and influenza, including cough, fever, nasal congestion, and fatigue, with an incubation period of three to six days.

While the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) has said the risk of the virus in the country is moderate, precaution is still important. Here’s what Nigerians need to know about the virus that has recently drawn international attention:

What is HMPV?

HMPV is a respiratory virus that can cause mild to severe infections. Discovered in 2001, it belongs to the *Pneumoviridae* family, alongside the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). It is widely prevalent, with nearly every child infected by their fifth birthday.

Symptoms are often indistinguishable from the common cold, including cough, fever, nasal congestion, and shortness of breath. In severe cases, it can lead to complications such as bronchitis or pneumonia.

How does it spread?

The virus spreads through close personal contact, respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing, and touching contaminated surfaces before touching the face.

Reasons for the increase in cases?

Globally, HMPV spikes are typical during colder months when people spend more time indoors. This year, increased cases in China coincide with low winter temperatures. Similar trends have been observed in the U.S. and the UK.

Is HMPV a pandemic threat?

Experts say no. Unlike COVID-19, HMPV is not a novel virus, and most people have some level of immunity from previous exposure. However, vigilance is crucial for vulnerable groups, such as children under two, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems.

How can you protect yourself?

There is no vaccine or antiviral treatment for HMPV. Preventive measures include:

– Washing hands frequently with soap and water.

– Covering your mouth and nose while sneezing or coughing.

– Wearing masks in crowded spaces, especially during respiratory virus season.

– Staying home when feeling unwell.

What the experts have said

The NCDC said it is collaborating with port health authorities to ensure robust preparedness at all international points of entry (PoEs).

“In addition, quarantine facilities are being identified and prepared to manage any suspected or confirmed cases if required,” the agency said.

“Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) materials are being deployed to PoEs to ensure adherence to hygiene and safety protocols.

“Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) materials are being developed and distributed to raise awareness and provide clear guidelines for frontline staff and travellers at PoEs,” the NCDC said.