30
The stereotype, Diokpara-amo-Osu, interprets as “the first son is not a blessing to the town, Osumenyi (Osu) for short,” is a harmful narrative that underscores the dangers of stereotypes and prejudices in our society. This has given rise to other derogatory comments against first sons, like, Diokpara-ọkuko meaning, first son of a cock, and Diokparanaemegidondiozo meaning that every first son maltreats others.
[ad]
This also leads to dangerous gang-ups against the first sons of families when there are disputes, even when it is obvious that it is the first son who is being blackmailed or marginalised. Even the larger kindred during dispute resolutions may display open sympathy for the younger ones and pay more attention to them than the diokpara (first son).

The dangers of these stereotypes, especially when viewed through a psychological lens, have broader implications for the Igbo society where these prejudices prevail. These labels diminish individual potential, perpetuate discrimination, and limit communal progress. Below is an exploration of the dangers of such stereotypes:

Psychological dangers of stereotypes
Self-fulfilling prophecies: Psychologists argue that stereotypes often lead to self-fulfilling prophecies, where individuals internalise the expectations imposed on them. A first son in Osumenyi, burdened with this stereotype, may unconsciously align his behaviour with the negative narrative, limiting his potential and achievements. For example, his motivation and self-esteem may plummet, if he feels perpetually undervalued.

Imposter syndrome: Being subjected to such a label can foster a chronic sense of inadequacy and imposter syndrome. Even if the individual achieves success, they may feel it is undeserved due to the deep-seated belief instilled by societal prejudice.

Mental health impact: Persistent stereotyping often leads to psychological issues such as depression, anxiety, and stress. Constantly being viewed as a failure or burden can create a sense of isolation and hopelessness, affecting the individual’s overall well-being.

Broader impact on society
Prejudice and discrimination: The stereotype reinforces prejudice against firstborn sons in the community, shaping collective perceptions that may lead to biased treatment, exclusion, or denial of opportunities. This damages relationships and creates an unequal society.

Hindered potential and development: Labelling first sons as inherently not a blessing to the town limits their ability to contribute positively to the community. Talent, innovation, and leadership qualities may go unrecognised, hindering societal development.

Intergenerational transmission of bias: Stereotypes like Diokpara-amo Osuụoften become deeply ingrained and are passed down across generations. This perpetuates cycles of prejudice and ensures that these harmful beliefs continue to affect the community’s social fabric.

Snowball effects of Diokpara-amo-Osu on rebellious tendencies
The Diokpara-amo-Osu stereotype has insidious ripple effects that extend beyond individual prejudice to influence broader societal dynamics. Today’s youths, burdened by these harmful narratives, unconsciously vicariously rebel against the older generations who equate such elders to firstborn sons’stereotypes. This rebellion manifests in defiance, alienation, and a breakdown of respect for traditional values.

The label fosters distrust and resentment, creating an “us versus them” mentality that further exacerbates generational divides. These stereotypes become catalysts for cultural decay and societal discord without genuine reconciliation and understanding.

Psychological theories on stereotyping and prejudice
Social identity theory: This theory by Henri Tajfel posits that individuals categorise themselves and others into groups to enhance their self-image. The stereotype against the first sons may arise from a desire to elevate other subgroups in the town, creating an “us vs. them” dynamic that fosters division.
Confirmation bias: People often seek out evidence that supports their pre-existing beliefs. In this context, any failure or misstep by a first son may be magnified as “proof” of the stereotype, while their successes are ignored or dismissed.

Implicit bias: The stereotype might also result from implicit biases, which are unconscious attitudes or associations. These biases shape behaviour without individuals realising it, influencing how first-born sons are perceived and treated.

Breaking the cycle of stereotypes
To combat the dangers posed by stereotypes like Diokpara-amo-Osu it is essential to implement strategies aimed at fostering inclusivity and challenging negative narratives:

Education and awareness: Educating the community about the dangers of stereotypes and prejudices can help dispel myths and promote acceptance. For example, parents who constantly use the phrase “Diokpara-amọ-osu,” are laying the foundations for crises in their families.
[ad]
Highlighting positive role models: Showcasing successful firstborns from the community who have made meaningful contributions can help counteract the stereotype.

Encouraging open dialogue: Community forums or discussions can provide a platform to address and debunk harmful beliefs, paving the way for more equitable treatment.

Psychological support: Providing mental health resources to individuals affected by this stereotype can help them rebuild their self-esteem and develop resilience.

Conclusion
The stereotype Diokpara-amo-Osu illustrates how prejudices can profoundly impact individuals and society. From a psychological perspective, such stereotypes undermine self-worth, perpetuate discrimination, and hinder social progress. By challenging these harmful beliefs and encouraging a culture of understanding, Osunmenyi, and other communities that re-enforce this stereotype can unlock the full potential of all its members, including its first sons.
Ezeugonwa is a Mass Communication scholar and researcher.
[ad]