Health experts have advised parents to immunise their children against diphtheria as part of the country’s childhood immunisation schedule. With the current diphtheria outbreak in Lagos, which has led to loss of lives, they believe that immunisation could prevent further disease outbreaks.

Speaking on the issue, health promotion specialist, Dr Obinna Ebirim, explained that diphtheria is an acute bacterial infection caused by the bacterium corynebacterium diphtheriae.

Ebirim said the disease primarily affects the respiratory system, including the throat and tonsils. “The infection can also spread to other parts of the body, leading to severe complications. Diphtheria can be life-threatening, particularly in young children and individuals with compromised immune systems.

“Diphtheria is primarily spread through respiratory droplets, which are released when an infected individual coughs or sneezes. These droplets contain the bacteria, and when inhaled by others, they can cause infection. Diphtheria can also spread by direct contact with open sores or wounds of an infected person.

He noted that early diagnoses of diphtheria are essential in preventing complications and reducing the spread of the infection. “Individuals experiencing symptoms such as a severe sore throat, difficulty breathing, or a greyish membrane in the throat should seek medical attention immediately.”

Ebirim said healthcare workers should maintain a high index of suspicion for diphtheria, while individuals with signs and symptoms suggestive of diphtheria should isolate themselves and notify appropriate authorities.

“Individuals who have come in close contact with a confirmed case of diphtheria should be closely monitored, given antibiotics prophylaxis, and started on diphtheria treatment when indicated.”

According to him, healthcare workers should practice standard infection prevention and control precautions while handling patients and body fluids. “All healthcare workers, doctors, nurses, laboratory scientists, support staff, among others, with a high level of exposure to cases of diphtheria should be vaccinated against diphtheria.”

Founder, Make Our Hospital Work Campaign, Dr Laz Eze, said children under five years who are not immunised and adults above 60 years of age are most likely to be affected.

Eze noted that the government, especially at the state level, should ensure that all children are immunised. “All barriers to childhood routine immunisation should be removed. The current outbreak can be controlled through effective health promotion in communities.”

He stated that Nigerians should imbibe appropriate health-seeking behaviours. “All pregnant women should attend an antenatal clinic and deliver their children in a health facility. All children should be fully immunised.” Eze urged persons who are ill to avoid self-medication and seek quality care from trained healthcare providers.