Nigeria is set to overhaul its border security system by shifting from manpower-driven patrols to a technology-based Smart Border Management System (SBMS) powered by drones, artificial intelligence and real-time intelligence sharing.

The move follows a proposal presented by Rear Admiral S.S. Lassa (Rtd), at the National Boundary Commission (NBC) High-Level National Workshop on “Border Security, Resilience and Cross-Border Cooperation” in Abuja.

Citing the Broken Windows Theory by James Q. Wilson and George Kelling, Lassa warned that neglected border areas and weak enforcement create opportunities for serious crimes, including smuggling, terrorism, arms trafficking and illegal migration.

He said Nigeria’s vast borders, spanning over 4,454km of land boundaries with Benin, Niger, Chad and Cameroon, as well as its maritime domain ,require a modern security approach.

The paper revealed that while Nigeria has 364 approved international border control points, there are nearly 1,497 illegal and unmanned routes exploited by criminal networks.

Lassa said conventional border patrols and checkpoints alone can no longer effectively tackle emerging threats, advocating drone systems equipped with thermal cameras, radar, LiDAR and other intelligence sensors to provide continuous surveillance.

“Drones provide Nigeria with the practical, cost-effective and technologically advanced means of monitoring vast and inaccessible border areas,” he said.

The proposed SBMS will integrate drones, satellites, biometrics, artificial intelligence, geospatial data and command centres to improve threat detection and response.

The presentation recommended a National Border Data Fusion and Intelligence Centre to unite information from immigration, customs, military, police and intelligence agencies.

It also called for a National Boundary Geospatial and Drone Unit, stronger drone regulations, indigenous drone production, public-private partnerships and the appointment of a National Border Coordinator to harmonise border operations.

Lassa stressed that Nigeria must move from a reactive border control model to an intelligence-led system capable of protecting territorial integrity, boosting trade and curbing transnational crimes.