Equatorial Guinea: Home to Africa’s longest-serving president and 4 other facts

Equatorial Guinea is making headlines lately, mostly due to the recent scandal involving Baltasar Engonga. But how much do we actually know about this unique African nation?

Equatorial Guinea, formally called the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, sits on the western coast of Central Africa. Its people, known as Equatorial Guineans or Ecuatoguineana, call Malabo their capital.

Here are some intriguing facts that might surprise you:
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1.⁠ ⁠Led by Africa’s longest-serving president

Equatorial Guinea’s political landscape has long been dominated by President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, who has held power since 1979. After overthrowing Francisco Macias Nguema, his rule saw mass emigration and political suppression. While some restrictions were lifted, Obiang’s grip on power remains strong. His son, Teodoro Nguema Obiang, holds the position of vice president.

2.⁠ ⁠An oil-driven economy

Over 90% of Equatorial Guinea’s exports come from oil, shaping its economy but also making it vulnerable to global oil prices. This reliance on oil means that fluctuations in the market can deeply affect the country’s financial stability.

3.⁠ ⁠Africa’s only Spanish-speaking country

Equatorial Guinea stands out as the only African country where Spanish is an official language. This traces back to its colonial ties with Spain, from which it gained independence on 12 October 1968. While most African nations speak English, French, or Portuguese, Ecuatoguineana adds a Spanish twist. Still, locals also speak around 15 indigenous languages, keeping their traditions alive.

4.⁠ ⁠Once among Africa’s wealthiest (per capita)

Equatorial Guinea once boasted one of Africa’s highest per capita GDPs. Although its economic growth slowed in 2023, with the Seychelles overtaking it, its wealth remains notable. The Worldometer estimates the country’s GDP at $11.8 billion (USD) in 2022. However, this wealth doesn’t trickle down evenly; most citizens face economic hardships despite the country’s resources.

5.⁠ ⁠Smallest and least populated in Africa

With a land area of just 28,052 sq km (10,831 sq mi), Equatorial Guinea is one of Africa’s smallest countries. Its population, estimated at 1.67 million in 2024, makes it one of the least populated too. It includes a mainland section, Río Muni, and several islands like Bioko, where the capital, Malabo, is located.