Bird Distribution in Nigeria: Impact of climate and anthropogenic activities

The distribution of bird species in Nigeria is heavily influenced by both climatic factors and anthropogenic activities. My PhD research project at the University of Jos delves into these influences, revealing critical insights into how climate, urbanisation and agricultural practices affect bird diversity and richness across the country.
The primary causes of habitat loss for bird species in Nigeria include deforestation, urbanisation, pollution, agricultural expansion, and climate change. They lead to the destruction of natural habitats, reducing the availability of resources necessary for bird survival.

Our findings show that urban built-up areas in Nigeria exhibit lower bird species richness and diversity, as urbanisation leads to habitat fragmentation and the loss of natural habitats, crucial for maintaining bird diversity. However, the study also highlights the potential positive impact of urban green spaces on bird diversity. Vegetation heterogeneity, water bodies, and landscape connectivity within urban areas enhance species richness and diversity.

Future Implications for Biodiversity

The loss of 88% of the world’s primary vegetation by the year 2000 has had profound implications for Nigeria’s biodiversity. This trend is likely to continue, leading to further declines in bird species richness and diversity. Conservation efforts must therefore focus on preserving and restoring natural habitats to mitigate these impacts. Our study provides valuable insights into the broader ecological consequences of the Anthropocene.
Based on our research findings, scientists and policymakers must collaborate to address the concerns of biodiversity loss by implementing policies that promote sustainable land-use practices, protecting natural habitats, and enhancing urban green spaces are essential steps. Engaging local communities in conservation efforts and raising awareness about the importance of biodiversity can also drive positive change.

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Public Awareness and Community Initiatives
Creating public awareness on the importance of biodiversity conservation is vital for fostering a culture of environmental stewardship. Community outreach programs and initiatives, such as the establishment of urban green spaces and conservation education campaigns, encourage public participation in conservation efforts. For example, the Nigerian Bird Atlas Project initiative has successfully raised awareness and promoted birdwatching and outdoor activities across Nigeria through the establishment of bird clubs.

From our research findings, several recommendations can be proposed for stakeholders in agriculture and urban planning. These include adopting sustainable agricultural practices, preserving natural habitats, and integrating green spaces into urban development projects.
We are also actively engaging with stakeholders to raise awareness of our research findings and share our recommendations. The reception has been positive, with plans to organise a sensitization workshop for hunters. This workshop aims to educate hunters about the importance of bird conservation and promote sustainable hunting practices.

Conclusion
My research highlights the significant impact that climate and anthropogenic activities have on the distribution of birds in Nigeria. By understanding these influences, we can develop effective conservation strategies to protect bird species and preserve biodiversity. Collaboration between scientists, policymakers, and local communities is essential for achieving these goals and ensuring a sustainable future for Nigeria’s avian populations.

Kazeh is a 2023 Mawazo Fellow pursuing her PhD in Conservation Biology at the University of Jos in Nigeria and a Research Associate at the A.P. Leventis Ornithological Research Institute within the university.